The feet definitely need special care, since plantar corns can occur in the presence of various factors. Be sure to periodically arrange caring cosmetic procedures for the legs.
Often calluses and corns form on the fingers and heels. This is mainly due to wearing low-quality and tight shoes. Be sure to pay attention to this problem and try to get rid of the existing problem as quickly as possible.
Types of corns
Plantar callus (ICD-10 code L84) refers to neoplasms on the skin. Despite its unpleasant appearance, the corn performs a rather important function - it protects the skin from friction. Often they are formed due to wearing tight shoes. Corns are:
- dry;
- wet;
- blood;
- rod;
- corns.
Dry calluses form in areas of high pressure, often on the feet. This is a layer of cells that protects the skin from permanent injury. formed when the skin is rubbed. Fluid begins to accumulate under the skin.
Blood calluses are somewhat similar to wet calluses, but instead of liquid, blood forms inside them. This is due to the proximity of the vessels.
The callus got its name due to a certain structure. It is a rough patch of skin protruding above its surface with a depression in the center. Inside the recess is a rod or root that penetrates very deep into the tissue. The size of the corn can be very different, it all depends on the degree of neglect of the disease. Their appearance on the feet is mainly due to the pressure of the shoes.
Calluses are similar in appearance to dry corn, but they are more superficial. They appear with constant pressure on the skin and are mainly observed in runners, athletes. They can also be found in women who prefer to wear high heels.
dry corns
Outwardly, dry plantar callus on the feet is very easy to diagnose, as it has a coarsened structure. It protrudes above the surface of the skin and usually looks like a round yellowish spot. When pressed, some soreness is often felt, but sometimes they are painless.
Due to constant pressure, the skin begins to thicken, increase in thickness, but it does not grow outward, but inward. Dry calluses can appear on the heels, soles, fingers. Most often they form on the protruding parts of the foot.
wet calluses
As a result of prolonged pressure on a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, redness initially occurs, and then a bubble forms, inside which fluid accumulates. It protects damaged skin and promotes its faster healing. If the vessels on the affected area are located close to the surface, and the pressure is strong, then the fluid inside the corn may contain blood impurities.
A similar problem occurs as a result of wearing too tight shoes that do not fit. Blisters are caused by shoes that have too rough seams or are made of poor quality material. Wet plantar callus is characterized not only by soreness. After the rupture of the shell of the skin surface, the fluid flows out and an infection can enter the wound.
At the first sign of redness, be sure to change shoes, then apply to the affected area. If appropriate measures are not taken in a timely manner, then in order to avoid the occurrence of complications, it is necessary to carry out treatment with the help of an operation.
callus
Many people believe that corn is completely harmless and does not require any additional treatment. However, this is absolutely not the case, since in place of a simple callus, a core can form. It grows very deep into the skin and causes pain and discomfort when moving, especially if formed on the sole. In addition, a callus may form in the area of the thumb.
The stem plantar callus consists of two parts, namely the stem and the cap. The root or rod penetrates very deep into the tissues and holds on to them, while not allowing the growth to be removed in the usual way. The hat is a bulge, in the center of which there is a small depression, which has a rounded shape. Its size largely depends on the condition of the corn.
corns
Quite often, hard plantar corns or corns form, which mainly appear due to wearing tight or uncomfortable shoes. They are painful areas of keratinized thickened skin. Calluses can occur on the balls of the fingers or the heel.
Such a plantar callus is a fairly common phenomenon that can provoke severe pain and burning during walking. However, pain and discomfort does not always occur, since most corns do not cause pain and discomfort. In this case, they can only be detected by touch or visually. Many are interested in how to distinguish a corn from a plantar wart. It should be noted that there is no rod in corns, they are denser in structure.
Causes
One of the most common foot problems is plantar callus. It mainly occurs when wearing too tight or improperly fitted shoes. Among the main causes of this problem, it is necessary to highlight the following:
- improper distribution of the load when walking;
- heel spur;
- shoes that do not fit;
- bursitis;
- flat feet;
- vitamin deficiency;
- arthritis of the joints;
- osteoarthritis.
The main cause of plantar callus is an increase in the load on the foot, which is accompanied by constant pressure on the sole and its rubbing. Among the main provoking factors, it is necessary to highlight such as:
- flat feet;
- excess weight;
- tight or uncomfortable shoes.
However, increased physical activity on the foot only provokes and accelerates the process of skin roughening. In addition, among the reasons for the formation of calluses on the sole of the foot, various diseases of the internal organs must be distinguished.
What can calluses talk about
Plantar callus in a child and an adult can signal the presence of various diseases and disorders in the body. By their location, it is possible to diagnose existing diseases. If the calluses were formed due to wearing uncomfortable shoes or with flat feet, they disappear immediately after changing them or choosing an instep support.
If corns appeared as a result of the course of diseases in the body, then they can be eliminated only after the treatment of violations of this organ. Hard corns along the edges of the heel may indicate the presence of pathological changes in the joints. Cornshoes, formed on the outer area of the foot, indicate the presence of diseases of the spine.
If a callus forms on the inside of the sole, then this is a signal for an examination of the intestine. Calluses under the little finger indicate a violation of the liver or heart. The main sign of nervous overstrain of the body is a large callus on the sole opposite the fingers. If a cough is additionally observed, then this may be a sign of respiratory diseases.
Thyroid disorders are indicated by rough skin around the edges of the big toes. If you are overweight, this symptom may indicate a slow metabolism. In addition, corns can occur when there is a violation of blood circulation in the legs, diseases of the joints and curvature of the spine.
Medications
Treatment of corns on the feet is carried out with the help of various pharmaceutical products, which are presented in the widest variety. There are several options for such funds, namely:
- plasters;
- creams;
- ointments;
- liquids.
Each of these types of funds has its own specific pros and cons. Ointments for removing corns and corns mainly contain salicylic acid. In addition, they often contain benzoic acid. This makes dry skin soft and easy to remove.
The ointment should be applied to dry, pre-steamed skin directly on the corn. The patch is then attached. The ointment should be washed off after about 1-2 hours. When using such a product, you need to remember that the substances contained in such a product can cause irritation on healthy skin. That is why they must be used very carefully and only on the affected areas of the skin. Among the ointments, it is necessary to highlight "Super Antimozolin", "Nemozol".
Plasters are much more convenient than ointments, but their effectiveness is somewhat worse. The patch is applied to the affected area, its duration is approximately 8 hours. After that, the corn becomes soft and can be removed very easily with a pumice stone or a brush. If the desired effect was not achieved, then the treatment should be repeated every other day. You can use patches such as "Luxplast", "Enets", "Salipod".
Treatment of corns on the feet can be carried out using liquid remedies. Apply them with a tissue paper. In particular, they use such means as Lekker Stopmozol, Balsam Karavaeva Vitaon.
Treatment with medications can be carried out only if the callus on the foot is not in a neglected form. And in the presence of chronic growths, the removal of plantar calluses is required, and for this, surgical methods are used, in particular, such as:
- laser removal;
- cryodestruction;
- electrocoagulation;
- radio wave surgery.
Cryodestruction means that with this method, dry corn is removed using liquid nitrogen. This substance has a very low temperature, due to which the tissues of the formed growth are rejected. It is worth noting that the foot becomes clean and smooth.
Laser treatment is characterized by the fact that with the help of a laser device, dead tissue is burned. In addition, pathogenic microorganisms are destroyed in the area of irradiation with a laser. This method is considered the best and most effective. Plus, it's non-traumatic.
Electrocoagulation means that dry calluses are exposed to electric current. This method is quite common. Radio wave surgery is used to remove warts, papillomas and many other growths on the skin. All these techniques are used in the neglected state of the legs.
You can also contact a beautician who will help you quickly and efficiently solve the existing problem. Almost all salons have a pedicure procedure. If the corn is not too old, then cosmetologists will help to quickly remove it.
If a nail callus is present, the doctor may prescribe drilling to remove the nail callus completely from the skin. At the same time, healthy areas are not affected, which contributes to their faster recovery. This is followed by a long-term treatment aimed at eliminating inflammation and fungi. After the procedure, the doctor must make sure that the rod is completely removed.
The use of folk methods
Many are interested in how to get rid of plantar corns with the help of folk remedies and techniques. The treatment process will not be too fast, but this does not mean that the result will be worse or not at all. There are several different ways in which dry corn can be removed.
The most common method of treatment are baths. To prepare them, you need to add soda and a little soap to the water. Mix everything well. Keep your feet in this remedy for 15 minutes. Then treat the feet with pumice.
Aloe is considered a good remedy. The plant contains many useful substances. Aloe leaf should be kept in a cold place for 3-4 days, then rubbed into the corn every day before going to bed.
You can mix aloe juice with fish oil and apply this mixture to the corn every day. This is best done before bed. In the morning, you need to wash your feet and rinse with a decoction of chamomile. You need to use this tool until the corn is completely removed.
To get rid of corns, you can use propolis. The agent is applied to the damaged area and fixed with a plaster. Relief will come after a few treatments.
You can apply finely grated raw potatoes to the corn, then fix it well. Wrap your foot with compress paper and put on a sock. Wash everything well in the morning. You can also use potato pulp along with onion.
Carrying out prevention
To avoid the formation of corns on the feet, you need:
- observe the rules of hygiene;
- periodically remove the stratum corneum;
- lubricate the feet with a softening cream;
- with a tendency to form corns, contact an orthopedist;
- if necessary, wear orthopedic insoles or shoes;
- wear comfortable shoes.
In the case of the formation of corns, it is important not to start this process, but to start treatment in a timely manner, as this will allow you to get rid of the trouble much faster.
The disease is listed in the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision of ICD-10. Due to the large number of etiological factors that can lead to the development of a necrotic process, according to the ICD, the code for a trophic ulcer can be in different headings.
All variants of the ICD 10 code for a trophic ulcer on the leg
In the international classification, trophic ulcers of the lower extremities are classified as diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. In this category, trophic ulcers belong to other diseases, i.e. not included in the rest of the classification. There are nineteen sections in the subclass, listing various nutritional disorders and skin pigmentation that are not included in the classification in the other subclasses.
The section to which trophic ulcers belong is L98, diseases not included in other sections.
Subsection L98.4 Chronic skin ulcer, not elsewhere classified. But this is the classification of an ulcer if its cause is not established.
A trophic ulcer with varicose veins has a completely different classification. Varicose veins belong to the class of diseases of the circulatory system, a subclass of diseases of the veins and lymphatic vessels.
For varicose veins of the lower extremities, a separate section I83 has been allocated, which includes four different variants of the course of the disease, including I83.0 - varicose veins complicated by an ulcer, and I83.2 - varicose veins complicated by an ulcer and inflammation. Varicose veins with only inflammation but no ulcer are reported as I83.1 and uncomplicated varices as I83.3.
Stages of development
- Appearance
- cleansing
- Granulation
- Scarring
initial stage characterized by the appearance of "lacquered" skin. There is redness and swelling. Liquid seeps through the "lacquered" skin. Over time, dead skin areas form whitish spots, under which a scab forms. The first stage can last for several weeks.
At the second stage development of an ulcer has a bloody or mucopurulent discharge. If it has an unpleasant pungent odor, then this indicates the presence of an infection. At the stage of cleansing, itching appears. As a rule, the second stage lasts about 1-1.5 months.
healing process trophic wound depends on the quality of treatment. Subject to all the doctor's recommendations, nutrition and tissue repair in the area of the ulcer is enhanced. Otherwise, a relapse occurs. Repeated trophic wounds respond worse to treatment. In the third stage, the wound surface begins to decrease.
Features of treatment
Trophic ulcers of the lower extremities are treated depending on the type of ulceration and the cause that provoked them. Treatment is prescribed on the basis of histological, bacteriological and cytological examination. A trophic leg ulcer can be treated in two ways:
- Medical.
- Surgical.
Dry corn (code in the ICD list 10 - L84) is an area on the skin with a compacted layer of the stratum corneum. It most commonly occurs on the feet and fingers and toes. Depending on the stage and type, it can cause pain, which in many cases is the main reason why they want to remove it.
The appearance of dry corns is influenced by 2 factors.
- External - that as a result of which they appear.
- Internal - additional circumstances that contribute to the emergence of these formations.
External include friction and pressure on a specific area of the skin. The appearance of dry calluses on the hands is the result of their friction on the handles of working tools, sports equipment, musical instruments, etc. That is, they appear from almost all types of long physical manual work.
Dry calluses on the feet in most cases provoke: tight, narrow, uncomfortable shoes, poor materials of the shoes and socks, improper gait, flat feet. The internal causes of dry corns are the presence of health problems presented in the table below.
| Disease | Influence and manifestations |
| Diabetes | With this disease, blood circulation in the tissues is disturbed, which reduces their ability to protect themselves. Dry corns in such cases often crack and allow various infections to enter the body. Neoplasms are difficult and take a long time to heal |
| Hypo- or avitaminosis | With insufficient amounts of vitamins A and E, the skin becomes fragile, and even a small scratch or friction provokes the appearance of seals. |
| Fungal infections | The presence of fungus on the feet makes the skin dry, irritated and inflamed. Then it thickens, especially on the heels, and cracks, which also contributes to the appearance of dry calluses. |
To understand how the formation of dry callus occurs, it is necessary to know the process of skin keratinization. Briefly and in general terms, it looks like this.
- During the synthesis of the horny substance, cells from the lower layers of the epidermis move to the upper ones.
- They lose their internal structure and the ability to share.
- Their shape also changes from round to scaly.
This process is continuous, during the replacement of the old stratum corneum with a new one, the first is exfoliated. Since dry callus is formed mainly due to pressure on the skin or friction, in this case, the cells of the stratum corneum simply die off. However, the scales do not have time to peel off. They overlap and thicken. This is the process of corn formation. But how to get rid of dry corns, we will discuss below. But first you need to figure out how they look and what their types are.
What are dry corns and how are they treated?
Depending on the cause, place and conditions, dry corns can be divided into several types:
- ordinary;
- corns;
- with rod.
Ordinary dry corn has the appearance of a small, round, compacted formation of red color, rising above the surface of the skin, with clearly defined boundaries. It is almost insensible and does not hurt if left untouched. However, when pressed or squeezed, pain may occur.
Many people know what a corns looks like. These are thickened areas of the skin on the feet, resulting from constant pressure on them while walking. They differ from ordinary corns in their large size and lack of clear boundaries.
Calluses most often occur between the toes and on the heels. A feature of this type of corns is the presence of a rod in the center that grows deep into the skin.
Such corns are the most painful: the rod can affect the deep layers of the epidermis and nerve endings. It is difficult to treat dry corns with a stem, and it is generally not recommended to do this at home. Basically, dry corns are not harmful to health and are often even useful: once the skin thickens, it means that it is under load, so protection is required.
If a person does not do this himself, then the body will take care of it. But when these formations interfere with comfortable movement or work, a person often wonders how to get rid of dry corns. Dry calluses can be removed at home or in beauty salons, and this often happens.
However, in severe cases, the best choice would be to go to the clinic: doctors know well how to remove such neoplasms. It is customary to treat dry corn by removing the keratinized layer of the skin. But in no case should you cut it off, so you can only complicate the situation. There are several ways to get rid of dry corns.
- With the use of medications.
- Methods of laser surgery.
- Through the use of cryotherapy.
Medical treatment
It is understood that you can get rid of keratinized skin with various preparations (for example, such as cream, ointment, balm) sold in pharmacies. These funds can be divided into 3 groups:
- ointments and creams;
- anti-corn patches;
- anti-corn oils.
Cream and ointment may differ in composition and principle of action. A remedy for dry corns can be based on salicylic acid. Such a cream will gradually burn out the corn, which will lead to its complete disappearance. The product is carefully applied only to the area of the callus, on clean, dry skin, fixed with a plaster on top.
There are various salicylic ointments on sale, in the nosological classification (ICD 10) of which the callus code is indicated. Dry corn can be treated with a lactic acid-based drug. The cream will soften the horny tissue, after which it can be scraped off.
Anti-corn patches, like ointments, can be on different bases. For example, there are patches impregnated with keratolic substances or castor oil. But the result of their action is the same: the skin softens, which allows the removal of dry calluses.
Dry corn can be softened and subsequently removed with anti-corn oils. These are oils such as linseed, olive, corn, castor. They are great for both prevention and treatment. They can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Anti-corn patch for feet
Surgical treatment and prevention methods
Since it is not always possible to get rid of dry corns at home, they can be treated in a hospital or a beauty salon, they know how to remove an annoying growth. This option, however, may not be to everyone's liking. For example, children may experience fear of the procedure. Therefore, the child must be prepared in advance: explain to him that this is necessary, since it will not work to cure the corn at home, and the doctor will do everything carefully and without pain.
What do modern surgery and cosmetology offer? Treatment of dry corns with a laser is a fairly popular method. There are 2 methods for removing formations in this way: using an erbium laser and carbon dioxide. In the first case, the skin of the corn evaporates, in the second, coagulation occurs.
The procedure lasts a couple of minutes under local anesthesia, so the person will not feel any pain. But in place of the former callus, wounds remain that will need to be looked after. One session is enough to completely remove the formation. The advantages of laser removal of corns are as follows.
- Impact only on the problem area.
- Laser disinfection of the treated area.
- The procedure is painless.
In addition to the laser, there is such a method as cryodestruction - the destruction and removal of thickened skin formations using liquid nitrogen. Before the procedure, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a dermatologist. If he confirms the expediency of using cryodestruction, then treatment can begin.
During the session, liquid nitrogen is applied to the corn, after which it dies off and a wound remains in its place. Time, as with laser removal, the whole process takes a little - the same couple of minutes. After that, it remains only to care for the wound for 2 weeks until it heals. The advantages of cryodestruction are given below.
- Doesn't take much time.
- Removal occurs without blood.
- There is no need for stitches.
- Impact only on problem areas.
What to do in order to prevent the appearance of dry corns? For feet, you need to follow some rules: wearing comfortable shoes that are comfortable to walk in, good socks made of suitable material. To prevent the appearance of dry calluses on the hands, gloves should be worn during physical work. Whether it's working in the garden or playing sports on simulators.
If there are signs of the appearance of corns, then you can use a cream or ointment from dry corns to soften the skin or, as mentioned above, various oils. To verify the appropriateness of using the drug, you can check if there is an ICD 10 code in its nosological classification.
Dry calluses can sometimes be a nuisance, but these days there are many ways to get rid of them quickly.
In most cases, water callus treatment can be done independently. Small corns usually do not cause pain and do not open on their own. Therefore, they are simply covered with a plaster that protects them from injury. If the water callus is large, then it causes significant discomfort and is fraught with rupture. Such a "dropsy" is better to pierce. The most favorable time for a puncture is the first day after the appearance of a bubble on the skin.
Piercing of water callus must be carried out with the obligatory observance of certain rules to avoid infection in the callus. First, you need to disinfect the puncture site. To do this, lubricate the water callus with iodine or brilliant green. Secondly, the puncture can only be done with a sterile needle. You can take a regular pin or a sewing needle. For sterilization, it must be held in alcohol or calcined over a fire.
The puncture should be done on the side of the water callus, inserting the needle almost parallel to the surface of the skin. In no case should you pierce the corn perpendicular to its surface, since in this case the needle injures the bottom of the corn. In order for the outflow of fluid from the water callus to occur constantly, it is better to make several punctures. The main thing is not to overdo it and save the walls of the bubble. They, like a natural bandage, cover the delicate skin located inside the water callus and protect it from damage and infection.
After the punctures are made, the water callus is gently pressed with a gauze napkin so that all the available liquid comes out of it. If over time the corn is filled with contents again, it will be necessary to repeat the puncture. To prevent the development of infection after a puncture, an ointment containing an antibiotic is applied to the water callus. Then the corn is covered with a protective patch, which should be changed at least 2 times a day and removed at night.
If the opening of the water callus occurred spontaneously and with the separation of its wall, the resulting wound must be cleaned and disinfected, an antibacterial ointment should be applied and the callus should be covered with a gauze pad with adhesive tape. The latter will protect the water callus from pollution and injury, creating favorable conditions for its healing.
If an infection enters the water callus, it must be opened with the removal of the walls, since favorable conditions are created in the closed callus for the development of the infectious process and suppuration. Therefore, when infected, you should seek help from a surgeon. In compliance with all the rules of asepsis, he will perform an autopsy and primary treatment of the infected water callus, apply a bandage to ensure drainage of the wound and prescribe local antibacterial treatment.